Hosted by OSOS , contributed by TeresaVisinho2019 on 8 October 2019
In this project students become detectives researching the "ususal suspects" polluting their beach. These can be plastics, microplastics, cigarret budds, glass bottles, etc..
Through a series of proposed exercises, students will learn about plastic pollution and pollution in general, sustainable consumption and will fight to raise awareness in their community in order to protect their local marine fauna and flora as well as their own health and life.
This activity has been created and adapted by ABAE - Associação Bandeira Azul da Europa in the framework of the Islands Diversity of Science Education (2017-1-PT01-KA201-035919), co-financed by the Erasmus+ agency of the European Union).Erasmus + project.
Teachers should copy this accelerator and edit it in order to leave a set of specific guidelines for their students to follow, according to the activities chosen to be developed.
Supporting documents and translations to other languages can be found through the following link: https://idiverse.eu/marine-litter-the-usual-suspects-at-my-beach/
Introduction to the problem
Marine litter and in particular the accumulation of plastic, has become a global environmental issue and a growing concern since the rise of the plastic industry in the mid-1950s, becoming now a risk to human health and putting at risk a variety of marine species.
Aside from its wide and adverse range of impacts, both for marine fauna and flora, marine debris can also have substantial negative socio economic impacts. It can cause economic losses to commercial fishing and shipping, as well as industries such as recreation and tourism.
There are primary and secondary sources of microplastics. The distinction is based on whether the particles were originally manufactured to be that size (primary) or whether they have resulted from the breakdown of larger items (secondary). Some plastics are intentionally designed to be small. They're called microbeads and are used in many health and beauty products. They pass unchanged through waterways into the ocean. Wastewater treatment plants are not designed to filter microspheres and therefore, they cause a number of impacts on the marine environment, as they are impossible to remove.
Through several studies on the subject, we know today that globally:
- every year, between 1.15 and 2.41 million tons of garbage reach the ocean through the rivers.
- up to 80% of the pollution of the marine environment is land-based.
- about 50% of plastic is used for single‐use disposable applications.
- it is estimated that about 8 million tons of plastic will stop annually to the ocean.
- cigarette butts are the item that appears in greater number in the beach cleanings.
- one million birds and 100,000 marine mammals die every year due to plastic pollution.
- it is estimated that only 8% of the plastic waste is larger than a bottle cap.
Learning Objectives
Through the framework of the marine litter problem, students will work on questions related to its causes and consequences on marine ecosystems contamination, learning about sustainable consumption and waste management.
Considering this, students will research their local beach, collect marine waste, analyse their consumption of microbeads figure out solutions to improve community awareness and the implementation of measures/solutions.
Opportunities to collaborate with stakeholders
Students will contact with the community when researching their local beach and collecting evidence related to the level of awareness and lifestile habits of their families, neighboors and community members. Studens can also contact with their municipalities in order to discuss, create and share their ideias about how to solve the problem. The final step of this project is the sharing of their solutions with the community.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
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Quality Education
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4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development (…). |
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Responsible Consumption and Production
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12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse. 12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
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Life Below Water
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14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution. 14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans. |
Responsible Research and Innovation
One of the key aspects of OSOS is the inclusion of RRI - Responsible Research and Innovation - principles (RRI-Tools.eu). This is how this accelerator fits in the RRI model:
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Governance |
This accelerator is based on a fundamental key point which is to teach students what science is and how to make a valid and respectful science research. It highlights the fact that science needs to be shared in order to be valid, it needs to be transparent and collaborative so as to contribute to the development of our society. In this project, students reflect with the community on the problem and will co-create possible solutions sharing, in the end, all their work, including their research process. Furthermore, students will share their results and conclusions with other communities worldwide and through the collaboration between their teachers. |
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Public engagement |
Students will interview their communities as well as important stakeholders, i.e., experts in the problem they are working on. After collecting their data, students will discuss with their parents, other family members, friends, community, etc, about possible effective and applicable solutions to the problem in their communities. The whole activity will focus on the engagement of students with their community so as to take into account their real needs when solving a problem. |
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Gender Equality
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The problematic involved in this project is transversal for all humans in the world, regardless of their gender. At no moment, the gender of the students will be asked or relevant. On the resources created for the teachers advise is given in order to provide equal opportunities, not only for both genders but also among all the different personalities. In the guidelines given to the students an effort is made to use both male and female role models as inspiration, as well as male and female icons and individuals in pictures. Teacher are also advised to find experts of all genders and invite them to work with their students. |
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Science Education |
Students will be engaged in Inquiry-Based activities that will lead them through the scientific method and reasoning. It is expected that after creating their projects, students will have understood what science is and how scientific knowledge can be obtained and communicated. By working with the community and sharing their work in the end, students will bring science education to their community as well as awareness for important scientific questions. |
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Ethics |
During the project students will understand that cooperating and collaborating is a much more valuable effort than competing, and that knowledge and good ideas should be used in an ethical way and shared with others. When in collaboration, Scientists can overcome nearly any obstacle and provide what is necessary for a safe, developing and growing society |
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Open Access |
After finishing their research, students will share all their work with the community, providing a fully open access to their data and conclusions. |
Feel
Grupo 6- Luís Pinto-nº17;Madalena Silva-nº18;Mafalda Pestana-nº19
Brainstorning about source, types and causes of Marine Litter
-How does marine pollution affect human health and the quality of marine ecosystems?
The ocean plays an essencial role for life on earth. It provides over 70 percent of the oxygen we breathe and over 97 percent of the world´s water supply. Everyday, the ocean is under attack from natural sources and manmade pollution. Pollution does not only affect marine life and their enviroment, it also affects mankind.
-Which is the origin of marine litter? How does it end up in the sea?
The majority of litter in the seas and oceans comes from outside of Europe, meaning that it is vitally important that other coutries also take action.
In coutries with robust waste managemant facilities, litter is largely due to the thoughtless disposal of waste on land. Tackling this issue requires us to focus on changing the way people discard items in our communities.
There are three main ways the plastic we use every day ends up in the seas.
1.Throwing plastic in the bin when it could be recycled.
2.Littering
3.Products tht go down the drain.
-What kind of waste appears in the sea?
Plastic (bags, bottels, caps/lids etc.) and cigarettes by far seems to be the most common rubbish found on beaches.
-How do microplastics and microbeads appear in the sea and coastal areas?
Most plastics in the ocean break up into very small particles. These small plastic bits called "microplastics". They pass unchanged through waterways into the ocean. Aquatic life and birds can mistake microplastics for food.
Clouds of discarded microbeads make up a toxic debris that settles on river and ocean floors. Marine worms ingest these toxins and then, when they´re eaten by fish or other predators, the fish gobble up microbead poisons along with the worms.
-How long does marine litter last in the sea?
Trash travels estimates that plastic bags can take 20 years to decompose, plastic bottles uo to 450 years, and fishing line , 600 years; but in fact, no one really knows how long plastics will remain in the ocean. With exposure to UV rays and the ocean environment, plastic breaks down into smaller fragments.
Starting The Project
Searching for Microplastics
Total amount of waste collected: 48kg
Undifferentiated trash:33,4kg
Paper: 5,6kg
Glass: 4,7kg
Package: 3,8kg
Cigaretts: 280g
Syringes: 10 units
Eu na minha ilha, a minha ilha em mim
My Island and I
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Imagine
A poluição marinha é caraterizada pela introdução de matéria e de energia responsável pela alteração das propriedades físicas e químicas da água.
Prinicipais Métodos de Poluição Marinha
Todo este processo é promovido por diversos métodos de poluicão marinha, mas as principais fontes de poluição marinha é as efluentes domésticas e industriais. Entende-se por uma efluente doméstica toda a água gerada pelas atividades e necessidades humanas em uma residência e que fluem através da rede de esgoto. Já uma efluente industrial é toda a água residual que é gerada pelas atividades industriais e que fluem através da rede de esgoto. Outro grande causador da poluição marinha são as plataformas de extração de petróleo localizadas nos oceanos e os navios cargueiros, em especial os petroleiros. Aliás, estima-se mesmo que aproximadamente 10% da poluição marinha deve-se aos vazamentos deste tipo de navios.
Soluções Para Minimizar a Poluição Marinha
Devido ao facto de a poluição marinha ser um problema que já atingiu dimensões preocupantes, são muitas as comunidades que procuram várias soluções para resolver este grande problema. Algumas das medidas essenciais que as comunidades deveriam tomar com o intuito de minimizar a poluição marinha:
- Construção de navios cargueiros mais seguros. - Controle do escoamento dos fertilizantes e outros produtos nocivos à água.
- Instalação de estações de tratamento de esgoto. - Proibição da descarga de efluentes nos mares.
- Fiscalização de indústrias. - Educação ambiental para a população.
Minimizar a Poluição Marinha na Minha Comunidade
Na minha comunidade, por exemplo, temos muita poluição marinha na baía do Funchal que deve-se ao excessivo número de barcos de cruzeiros que nela atracam. Por isso, uma das medidas e soluções que a minha comunidade devia tomar era mudar a baía para outro lugar da ilha e diminuir o número de atracações por ano.
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