Globe at Night | School of the future

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<section>
<h1>Light Pollution</h1>
</section>

<section>
<h3 data-block-key="a7bk1">What is Light Pollution?</h3>

<p data-block-key="5q2al"><b>Light pollution</b>&nbsp;is excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial (usually outdoor) light. Too much light pollution has consequences: it washes out starlight in the night sky, interferes with astronomical research, disrupts ecosystems, has adverse health effects and wastes energy.</p>

<h3 data-block-key="6c0c4">Introduction</h3>

<p data-block-key="4n19g">A little more than 100 years ago, you could walk outside at night even in a city and see the Milky Way galaxy arch across the night sky. Being able to see thousands of stars was part of everyday life, inspiring artists like Van Gogh or musical composers like Holst or writers like Shakespeare. By allowing artificial lights to wash out our starry night skies, we are losing touch with our cultural heritage (e.g., what has made us who we are). We are also losing touch with what could inspire future generations.</p>

<p data-block-key="ebepi">With more than half of the world’s population now living in cities, 3 out of every 4 people in cities have never experienced the wonderment of pristinely dark skies. How do you explain the importance of what they’ve lost to light pollution? How can you make them aware that light pollution is a concern on many fronts: safety, energy conservation, cost, health and effects on wildlife, as well as our ability to view the stars? Finally, how do you convince them that it’s worthwhile to take even small steps, to help fix this problem?</p>

<h3 data-block-key="1mcpt">Effects of Light Pollution</h3>

<p data-block-key="15uo8">In&nbsp;<b>disrupting ecosystems</b>, light pollution poses a serious threat in particular to nocturnal wildlife, having negative impacts on plant and animal physiology. It can confuse the migratory patterns of animals, alter competitive interactions of animals, change predator-prey relations, and cause physiological harm. The rhythm of life is orchestrated by the natural diurnal patterns of light and dark; so disruption to these patterns impacts the ecological dynamics.</p>

<p data-block-key="8u51h">With respect to&nbsp;<b>adverse health effects</b>, many species, especially humans, are dependent on natural body cycles called circadian rhythms and the production of melatonin, which are regulated by light and dark (e.g., day and night). If humans are exposed to light while sleeping, melatonin production can be suppressed. This can lead to sleep disorders and other health problems such as increased headaches, worker fatigue, medically defined stress, some forms of obesity due to lack of sleep and increased anxiety. And ties are being found to a couple of types of cancer. There are also effects of glare on aging eyes. (See text below.) Health effects are not only due to over-illumination or excessive exposure of light over time, but also improper spectral composition of light (<b>e.g., certain colors of light</b>).</p>

<p data-block-key="en7rh"><b>With respect to energy</b>&nbsp;wastage, lighting is responsible for at least one-fourth of all electricity consumption worldwide. Over illumination can constitute energy wastage, especially upward directed lighting at night. Energy wastage is also a waste in cost and carbon footprint.</p>

<p data-block-key="dcpg3">The good news is that&nbsp;<b>light pollution can be reduced</b>&nbsp;fairly easily by shielding lights properly, by only using light when and where it is needed, by only using the amount that is needed, by using energy efficient bulbs, and by using bulbs with appropriate spectral power distributions for the task at hand.</p>

<p data-block-key="6pn8e">Explore the effects of light pollution on the night sky with&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/light-pollution/##">Light Pollution Interactive</a>.</p>

<h3 data-block-key="abj7k">Going further… Three Main Types of Light Pollution</h3>

<p data-block-key="5ok3g">Clinically speaking,&nbsp;<b>*three main types of light pollution</b>&nbsp;include glare, light trespass and skyglow (in addition to over-illumination and clutter).&nbsp;<b>Glare</b>&nbsp;from unshielded lighting is a public-health hazard—especially the older you become. Glare light scattering in the eye causes loss of contrast, sometimes blinds you temporarily and leads to unsafe driving conditions, for instance.&nbsp;<b>Light trespass</b>&nbsp;occurs when unwanted light enters one’s property, for example, by shining unwanted light into a bedroom window of a person trying to sleep.&nbsp;<b>Skyglow</b>&nbsp;refers to the glow effect that can be seen over populated areas. Skyglow is the combination of all the reflected light and upward-directed (unshielded) light escaping up into the sky (and for the most part, unused). …Shielding lights significantly reduces all three of these types of light pollution.</p>

<p data-block-key="6q8ip">By participating in the citizen-science campaign, Globe at Night, and taking as many measurements as you can from different locations, you will be promoting awareness and helping to monitor light pollution levels locally. The worldwide database is used to compare trends over years and with other data sets (like on animals) to see what effects light pollution has on them. Thank you for your interest and participation in Globe at Night.</p>

<hr />
<p><em>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/light-pollution/">https://globeatnight.org/light-pollution/</a></em></p>

<p><em>Accessed: 23 December 2023</em></p>
</section>

Student's description

Imagine

Description & Guidelines

<section>
<h1>Campaigns</h1>
</section>

<section>
<h2 data-block-key="qdikl">Six Easy Star Hunting Steps</h2>

<ol>
	<li data-block-key="7nn5v">During the campaign dates, go outside more than an hour after&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sunrisesunset.com/predefined.asp">sunset</a>&nbsp;(8-10 pm local time). The Moon should not be up. Let your eyes become used to the dark for 10 minutes before your first observation.</li>
	<li data-block-key="81qm7">Use a night sky app on your phone outside to find the constellation from where you are.</li>
	<li data-block-key="8a4be">Go to the&nbsp;<a href="https://app.globeatnight.org/">Globe at Night Report page</a>&nbsp;to start to enter Globe at Night measurements. Make sure you are in “Nighttime version”</li>
	<li data-block-key="ek8c">With a smart phone, the app will put in the date, time, location (latitude/longitude) automatically. Otherwise please type them in. For your location, type the street address closest to your observation along with the city, state or province and country.</li>
	<li data-block-key="b51ro">Choose the star chart that looks most closely to what you see toward your constellation. That is, what is the faintest star you can see in the sky and find in the chart?</li>
	<li data-block-key="6bp0l">Chose the amount of cloud cover at the time of observation and then click on the “SUBMIT DATA” button.</li>
</ol>

<p data-block-key="cdnvu">During some of the 2023 Globe at Night campaigns there will be more than one choice for which constellation is optimal to use. This will depend on your location around the globe. To decide which one is best for you at your location for the dates listed below, check to see if the constellation is more than halfway above the horizon. If so, you can use that constellation for the campaign. If not, try another suggested constellation for that month.</p>

<hr />
<p><em>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/campaigns/">https://globeatnight.org/campaigns/</a></em></p>

<p><em>Accessed: 23 December 2023</em></p>
</section>

Student's description

<h2 data-block-key="d97d7"><b>Globe at Night Downloadable Resources</b></h2>

<section>
<h3 data-block-key="d97d7">Globe At Night 2023 Postcards</h3>
</section>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/300/Brazil-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Portugues do Brasil</a>&nbsp;(Brazil)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/301/Catalan-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Català</a>&nbsp;(Catalan)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/302/Chinese-GaN_Postcard.pdf">中文</a>&nbsp;(Chinese)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/303/Czech-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Český jazyk</a>&nbsp;(Czech)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/304/English-GaN_Postcard.pdf">English</a>&nbsp;(English)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/305/Finnish-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Finnish</a>&nbsp;(Finnish)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/306/French-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Français</a>&nbsp;(French)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/307/Galician-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Galego&nbsp;</a>(Galician)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/308/German-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;(German)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/309/Greek-GaN_Postcard.pdf">ελληνικά</a>&nbsp;(Greek)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/310/Indonesian-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Indonesia</a>&nbsp;(Indonesian)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/311/Japanese-GaN_Postcard.pdf">日本語</a>&nbsp;(Japanese)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/312/Polish-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Polski</a>&nbsp;(Polish)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/313/Portuguese-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Português</a>&nbsp;(Portuguese)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/314/Romanian-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Română</a>&nbsp;(Romanian)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/315/Serbian-GaN_Postcard.pdf">српски</a>&nbsp;(Serbian)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/316/Slovak-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Slovenský</a>&nbsp;(Slovak)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/317/Slovenian-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Slovenščina</a>&nbsp;(Slovenian)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/318/Spanish-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Español</a>&nbsp;(Spanish)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/319/Swedish-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Svenska</a>&nbsp;(Swedish)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/320/Thai-GaN_Postcard.pdf">ภาษาไทย</a>&nbsp;(Thai)</li>
	<li><a href="https://globeatnight.org/documents/321/Turkish-GaN_Postcard.pdf">Türk</a>&nbsp;(Turkish)</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><em>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/resources/">https://globeatnight.org/resources/</a></em></p>

<p><em>Accessed: 23 December 2023</em></p>

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Description & Guidelines

Student's description

<section>
<h2 data-block-key="d97d7"><b>Globe at Night Downloadable Resources</b></h2>

<h4 data-block-key="835h3"><b>Data Reporting Webapp Translations</b></h4>
</section>

<section>
<ul>
	<li data-block-key="8qp7i"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/ca/webapp/">Catalan</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="67to8"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/zh/webapp/">Chinese</a>&nbsp;(simplified)</li>
	<li data-block-key="6c244"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/zho/webapp/">Chinese</a>&nbsp;(traditional)</li>
	<li data-block-key="4mb1u"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/cs/webapp/">Czech</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="ac60p"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/webapp/">English</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="39bal"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/fi/webapp/">Finnish</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="cunk8"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/fr/webapp/">French</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="9ep28"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/gl/webapp/">Galician</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="2bh6m"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/de/webapp/">German</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="4bqah"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/el/webapp/">Greek</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="b83tl"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/is/webapp/">Icelandic</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="e74mo"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/id/webapp/">Indonesian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/it/webapp/">Italian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/jp/webapp/">Japanese</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/fa/webapp/">Persian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/pl/webapp/">Polish</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/pt/webapp/">Portuguese</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/ro/webapp/">Romanian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/sr/webapp/">Serbian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/sl/webapp/">Slovenian</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/sk/webapp/">Slovak</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/es/webapp/">Spanish</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/se/webapp/">Swedish</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/fsw/webapp/">SwissFrench</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/gsw/webapp/">SwissGerman</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/th/webapp/">Thai</a></li>
	<li data-block-key="bdem5"><a href="https://globeatnight.org/tr/webapp/">Turkish</a></li>
</ul>

<section>
<section>
<p data-block-key="d97d7"><b>We would like to graciously acknowledge our translators!</b></p>
</section>

<section>
<ul>
	<li data-block-key="8qp7i">A. Azadegan</li>
	<li data-block-key="h7le">A. Costa</li>
	<li data-block-key="bpmp">A. Eklöf</li>
	<li data-block-key="28g4g">A. Grigore</li>
	<li data-block-key="9icit">A. Le Gué</li>
	<li data-block-key="bivai">A. Nieminen</li>
	<li data-block-key="5hflc">A. Pace</li>
	<li data-block-key="f3v9a">A. Risi</li>
	<li data-block-key="7nvnj">A. Wisniewska</li>
	<li data-block-key="5g7d1">A. Yamani</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">B. Garcia</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">B. Haenel</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">C. Ibarlucea</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">C. Leote</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">E. M. Pereira</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">G. Pavicic</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">H. Guo</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">I. Ugarte</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">J. Ferreira</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">J. Merc</li>
	<li data-block-key="7qu6i">J. Píšala</li>
	<li data-block-key="8iebr">J. Romanowska</li>
	<li data-block-key="9o39t">J. Vogel</li>
	<li data-block-key="13vsl">K. Czart</li>
	<li data-block-key="8fbm2">M. Metaxa</li>
	<li data-block-key="dqnne">N. Ochi</li>
	<li data-block-key="equ7h">Ö. Önal</li>
	<li data-block-key="92l3f">P. Horalek</li>
	<li data-block-key="62lbi">R. Snoj</li>
	<li data-block-key="2d7r9">S. Bará</li>
	<li data-block-key="fkjol">S. Gudmundsson</li>
	<li data-block-key="8iebr">S. Hu</li>
	<li data-block-key="ch9gr">S. Klett</li>
	<li data-block-key="al7de">S. Ribas</li>
	<li data-block-key="cvhrd">S. You</li>
	<li data-block-key="310gs">T. Likittheerameth</li>
	<li data-block-key="9cocu">V. Bianchi</li>
	<li data-block-key="bvmqk">V. Grigore</li>
	<li data-block-key="fsn15">V. Oliveira</li>
	<li data-block-key="cl61j">Y. Kim</li>
	<li data-block-key="bs3v9">Z. Kollath</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>

<hr />
<p><em>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/resources/">https://globeatnight.org/resources/</a></em></p>

<p><em>Accessed: 23 December 2023</em></p>
</section>

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<section>
<h1>About Globe at Night</h1>
</section>

<section>
<p data-block-key="fejis">The Globe at Night program is an international citizen-science campaign to raise public awareness of the impact of light pollution by inviting citizen-scientists to measure their night sky brightness and&nbsp;<a href="https://app.globeatnight.noirlab.edu/">submit their observations</a>&nbsp;from a computer or smart phone. Light pollution threatens not only our “right to starlight”, but can affect energy consumption, wildlife and health. More than 200,000 measurements have been contributed from people in 180 countries over the last 14 years, making Globe at Night the most successful light pollution awareness campaign to date!</p>

<p data-block-key="4vbjs">Explore the last 16 years of data in our&nbsp;<a href="https://app.globeatnight.noirlab.edu/map">interactive data map</a>, where you can see how your area is doing by inputting your city’s name in the Location Box at the top of the map. Add a radius and tap or click “Search” to see the results. The Globe at Night website is easy to use, comprehensive and holds an abundance of background information. The database is usable for comparisons with a variety of other databases, like how light pollution affects the foraging habits of bats.</p>

<section>
<h3 data-block-key="kypvf">Globe at Night 2023</h3>

<p data-block-key="at0b">For 2023 we are collecting your&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/campaigns/">observations</a>&nbsp;during all 12 months of the year! See the dates below and plan to get involved.</p>
</section>

<section>
<h3 data-block-key="kypvf">2022 Results Summary</h3>

<p data-block-key="87bcn">The Preliminary 2022 Results are in: there were 19,953 data points submitted from 79 countries and 50 US States.</p>

<hr />
<p><em>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://globeatnight.org/about/">https://globeatnight.org/about/</a></em></p>

<p><em>Accessed: 23 December 2023</em></p>
</section>

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